Management is the process of reaching organizational goals by working
with and through people and other organizational resources.
Management has the following 3 characteristics:
- It is a process or series of continuing and related activities.
- It involves and concentrates on reaching organizational goals.
- It reaches these goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources.
The 4 basic management functions that make up the management process are described in the following sections:
- PLANNING
- ORGANIZING
- INFLUENCING
- CONTROLLING
PLANNING:
Planning involves choosing tasks that must
be performed to attain organizational goals, outlining how the tasks
must be performed, and indicating when they should be performed.
Planning activity focuses on attaining goals. Managers outline
exactly what organizations should do to be successful. Planning is
concerned with the success of the organization in the short term as well
as in the long term.
ORGANIZING:
Organizing can be thought of as assigning the tasks developed in the
planning stages, to various individuals or groups within the
organization. Organizing is to create a mechanism to put plans into
action.
People within the organization are given work assignments that
contribute to the company’s goals. Tasks are organized so that the
output of each individual contributes to the success of departments,
which, in turn, contributes to the success of divisions, which
ultimately contributes to the success of the organization.
INFLUENCING:
Influencing is also referred to as motivating,leading or
directing.Influencing can be defined as guiding the activities of
organization members in he direction that helps the organization move
towards the fulfillment of the goals.
The purpose of influencing is to increase productivity.
Human-oriented work situations usually generate higher levels of
production over the long term than do task oriented work situations
because people find the latter type distasteful.
CONTROLLING:
Controlling is the following roles played by the manager:
- Gather information that measures performance
- Compare present performance to pre established performance norms.
- Determine the next action plan and modifications for meeting the desired performance parameters.
Controlling is an ongoing process.
- Top-level managersThey are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. Consists of board of direction, president, vice-president, CEOs, etc.
- Lay down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise.
- Provides guidance and direction.
- Maintain contact with the outside world.
- Middle-level managers
They are accountable to the top management for their department's function. Consist of general managers, branch managers and department managers.
- Design and implement effective group and inter-group work and information systems.
- Design and implement reward systems that support cooperative behavior.
- Define and monitor group-level performance indicators.
- First-level managers
They focus on controlling and directing. Consist of supervisors, section leads, foremen.- Basic supervision
- Motivation
- Career planning
- Performance feedback
Vocabulary
- reaching : mencapai
- goals : tujuan
- throught : melalui
- organization resurces : sumber daya organisasi
- series : serangkaian
- involves : melibatkan
- basic : dasar
- make up : membentuk
- the following section : bagian berikut
- influencing : mempengaruhi
- attain : mencapai
- outlining : menguraikan
- indicating : menunjukkan
- concered : berkaitan
- term : jangka
- thought : di anggap
- assigning : menugaskan
- developed : di kembangkan
- various : berbagai
- in turn : pada gilirannya
- ultimately : pada akhirnya
- reffered : disebut
- direnting : mengarahkan
- fullfillment : pemenuhan
- guiding : pedoman
- roles : peran
- measure : mengukur
- desired : berkelanjutan
- determine : menetukan
- overseeing : mengawasi
- Consists : terdiri
- vice : wakil
- guidance : bimbingan
- maintain : menjaga
- accountable : bertanggung jawab
- branch : cabang
- feedback : umpan balik
